MODERNIZATION
Purpose: the Article is based on the results of a set of author's studies, which reveal the reasons why the long-term introduction of scientific and technological progress, including modern high-tech achievements of the 21st century, only intensifies the crisis in the social and economic development of Russia and the global world as a whole. The main purpose of the work is to outline the main conditions for solving these problems for the successful formation, development and implementation of the digital economy, as well as understanding the role of the state in this process.
Methods: the study is based on the use of new methodological tools, in accordance with the author's approach to setting goals and the features of the development of the human system with a worldview position.
Results: the ideological foundations of the study of patterns in the development of the human system made it possible to determine the paradigm of its development in which a certain model of relations between people is formed. This model does not conflict with digital technologies and other achievements of the 21st century and allows finding an adequate mechanism of functioning. Such a mechanism prevents the emergence of possible risks for each individual and society as a whole, and fully reveals the creative potential of the digital economy.
Conclusions and Relevance: the article presents new methodological grounds that were not previously used in fundamental research and in science. They allow not only to determine the conditions of formation and mechanisms for achieving an effective digital economy, but also to expeditiously solve all the tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation in the Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of March 1,2018.
Purpose: the purpose of the article is to identify the main tools for the development of the digital economy of Russia. The article explores the priorities and the main tools for the development of Russia's digital economy, as well as problems that hamper the acceleration of these processes. Approaches to the definition of a digitization index, as well as regulatory and legal aspects of the regulation of the digital economy, are considered. The substantiation of the account of foreign experience in the decision of the revealed problems is given. "Digital privatization', "digital leap", "self-digitalization"and "digital reinvestment".
Methods: during the research, the main sources of the initial data were the data of consulting agencies, foreign static bureaus, fundamental and applied works of authoritative scientists in the field of digital economy. The research is based on theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, the use of methods of synthesis and deduction, as well as methods of empirical cognition, which have revealed many problems of the development of the digital economy and the tools that help to solve them.
Results: an analysis of the challenges of the economic and technological order in Russia has been carried out and the role of digitalization in these processes has been revealed. Based on a comparison of the indicators of the new technological revolution of Russia with the countries leaders in this field, it was revealed that the share of the digital economy in Russia today is about 4% in the country's GDP, and in the future up to 10% of GDP growth in Russia and for this it is necessary that the Government of the Russian Federation continued the development of digital services, co-financing of promising projects and increasing digital literacy of the population. Instruments for the development of Russia's digital economy, such as digital privatization, digital leap, self-digitalization, and digital reinvestment, were proposed.
Conclusions and Relevance: the tools proposed in this study for the development of the digital economy make it possible to intensify the processes of building up the economic potential for a technological breakthrough. Subsequently, they will be transformed into a set of recommendations for practice and government authorities and allow them to change some laws in the field of high technology and innovation support, as well as to adjust the directions of strategic development of economic institutions and forecast models of economic development.
Purpose: the purpose of the article is to study the state of technological structures of the subjects of the macroregion, to determine the factors influencing its formation and development, to justify the ways of modernization of technological development.
Methods: the methodological base of the research is based on the use of a systematic approach and General scientific methods: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, generalization, system-structural analysis.
Results: the analysis of the state of technological structures of the studied macroregion is carried out, the dominant structures are identified, the factors, among which are investments, commissioning of fixed assets and the level of education, which influence the formation and development of the technological structure, are considered. The direct correlation of the increasing level of technological structure with the increase of the educational level of the employed in the economy is revealed. The possible ways of technological development modernization for the macroregion are determined on the basis of the selection of the catching-up and advanced development strategy.
Conclusions and Relevance: the main result of the research is the conclusion that the knowledge of the state of the technological structure of the region will allow to outline the strategy of its development, that the high educational level of the employed in the economy and social sphere will allow the region to move more rapidly to a higher technological structure. The implementation of the catch-up and advanced development strategy is designed to implement technological innovations that should lead to increased productivity, renewal of fixed capital and competitiveness, which will change the structure of the economy, to determine the most important areas of its modernization.
Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of applying management analysis as a mechanism for anti-crisis management and expanding tools for implementing crisis management in making effective management decisions. To achieve this goal, the following problems are solved in the article: determination of the place and content of management analysis in the system of economic analysis; identification of distinctive features, shortcomings and advantages in the conduct of financial and management analysis; generalization of features of application of methods of the administrative analysis; proposal and assessment of the place and functions of management analysis in the activities of the controlling service within the framework of crisis management in an economic entity.
Methods: this article is based on an interdisciplinary approach to the organization of crisis management in relation to the specifics of management accounting and analysis.
Results: currently, in the period of the constant appearance of external and internal factors of the crisis, the most important direction of stabilizing the financial situation of business structures is the development and effective use of anti-crisis management. This allows us to protect the vital interests of economic entities, the key element of which is stable activity and economic sustainable development. Ensuring the economic development of economic entities begins with the proper organization of crisis management and the effective use of its tools. One of the tools in conducting anti-crisis management is a financial analysis that has certain characteristics and disadvantages. The use of management analysis along with financial analysis will allow us to assess and prevent the emerging crisis phenomena in advance, stabilize the financial situation, identify factors and reserves for the anti-crisis development and subsequent economic sustainable development of economic entities.
Conclusions and Relevance: the materials outlined in the article show the special role and importance of management analysis in the development of anti-crisis management in an economic entity, stabilization of its financial position and enhancement of its efficiency. To manage economic activity, management must investigate and monitor changes that occur not only in the external, but also in the internal environment of the organization. The possibility of using managerial analysis for managing economic activity, studying the results of financial and economic activities and controlling their changes, identifying negative internal factors, determining the advantages and disadvantages in order to ensure the adoption of sound and effective management decisions is analyzed.
INNOVATION
Purpose: the purpose of the presented research is to expand the possibilities of using information-logical models for the analysis of forecasting "bottlenecks" and quantitative assessment of ways to eliminate them in the development of socio-economic systems.
Methods: the implementation of this research is based on the use of basic principles, properties and rules of construction of phased informationlogical models for solving complex problems. Their development involves the introduction of quantitative assessments of ways to reduce the negative potential of "bottlenecks" and comparing the expected results of their elimination with the initial state.
Results: the authors presented a method of analytical directed search and elimination of "bottlenecks" in the development of complex systems. This method is based on the use of rules for building information-logical models. A quantitative analysis of the potential for reducing the potential of identified "bottlenecks" assumes the construction of a linear graph based on the information-logical model, as well as the calculation of integral estimates of the expected compensation of the initial potential of "bottlenecks".
conclusions and Relevance: the developed method of analytical representation of the possibilities of eliminating "bottlenecks" in the development of socio-economic systems is applicable for the analysis of the prospects of eliminating "bottlenecks" on the basis of building a scheme of a full cycle of decision-making. Testing of the presented approach on the example of analysis of known problem situations showed that the proposed tools allow a priori to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms, simulate their expansion and effectiveness in terms of impact on the final result. This increases the possibilities for finding effective solutions to complex scientific, technological and socioeconomic problems. In addition, it will be very useful in the examination of various projects and programs.
Purpose: justification of structure of elements and structure of a control system of sectoral-territorial innovative clusters.
Methods: article is based on the analysis of the international and domestic experience of creation of control systems of innovative clusters. By her preparation methods of the theoretical, functional and structural analysis and also business simulation are used.
Results: following the results of the conducted research it is proved that at creation of a control system of sectoral and territorial innovative clusters (STIC) it is necessary to be guided by three main imperatives. The first consists that if we form a control system of a cluster, then it is necessary and to operate with categories of the theory of management when determining her functions, but not activities of this or that body as it is accepted in domestic practice today. The second consists in need of formal addition of the functions which are carried out by consultative governing body (supervisory board), the providing activity of quick and administrative body of a cluster (management company). And the third in use of design and functional approach to creation of a control system adequate to problems of a cluster.
Conclusions and Relevance: STIC control system besides the functions having to management of a cluster direct reference is designed to solve a problem of ensuring interaction of external and internal contours of his business model. For this purpose the recommended structure of a control system, according to results of a research, has to include: The Ministry of Economic Development of the subject of Federation in which the cluster is located; specialized department of Minpromtorg of Russia; this or that state corporation (in case anchor residents of a cluster are its part); general meeting of participants of a cluster; supervisory board and management company. Realization of policy, the strategy and projects directed to formation and strengthening of network interaction of its participants will act as the main form of rendering impact of a control system of a cluster on his development.
RESEARCH
Purpose: the purpose of this article is to justify the choice of the strategic direction of effective development of the national economy of Russia. The authors see the solution of this problem on the way of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of Russian enterprises. This problem is considered to be one of the main authors in the consolidation of society and its mobilization for the implementation of the tasks set in the may Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (№ 204 from 2018).
Methods: the study was conducted using the methods of systematic, logical, comparative analysis, involving Russian and foreign experience in solving social and economic problems. Particular attention was paid to the validity of the conclusions.
Results: national economic problems are touched upon through the prism of the economy of enterprises. An attempt has been made to prove the dependence of the acceleration of the rates of economic development on the improvement of the enterprise's internal economic mechanism. In the postindustrial society, the role of enterprises as the main link in the production of material goods and the provision of services is not diminished, despite the accelerated introduction of scientific and technological progress and the increase in the value of personal property. The improvement of the internal structure of enterprises proposed in the article can significantly reduce the negative consequences of the privatization of state property. According to the authors, this will improve the efficiency of the use of human capital in terms of all its components: ordinary workers, managers, specialists, owners.
Conclusions and Relevance: currently, there is a situation in which the owners of enterprises (mainly large ones) have practically unlimited rights and very limited liability for the results of the work of their enterprises. This situation hinders the development of the productive forces of society. The proposed concept of an "effective enterprise" means solidary management of enterprises (ultimately solidary management of the economy). It provides for a system of measures to remedy the situation. The first steps in this direction are the following: 1) the creation of a balanced system of enterprise management; 2) democratization of management and development of the institution of collective (people's) enterprises; 3) the movement in the direction of restraint unrestrained competition and finding ways of cooperation not only within enterprises but also in the relations between all participants of the process of production and realization of products, as well as authorities at all levels; 4) streamlining the processes for the establishment and liquidation of enterprises; 5) the active implementation of multilevel and multidimensional strategic planning. It is not possible to implement these measures in a short time. But the movement along this path creates systemic conditions for accelerating economic growth.
This article is the final part of the complex author's research, and is a continuation of the previously published sections of the article in this journal (DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2016.7.1.136.140; DOI: 10.18184/2079-4665.2016.7.3.132.136).
In the previous sections, the author examined the features of modern Russian socio-economic state policy in general and its financial component in particular. The answers to the questions were found and a systematic view of the essence of the state socio-economic policy was given. It was shown that the economic potential of the state determines the level of development and use of the three only possible production resources at all times. This is living labor (human resources companies), materialized (past) labour (main production funds) and material and energy resources developed and being in production turnover. Russia, like no other state in the world, has the potential all these production resources for timely, complete and quality provision of reasonable material and spiritual needs of all its citizens.
Purpose: the aim of the presented final part of the research is a critical assessment of the tax legislation in force in Russia, and the reasoned justification that a reasonable tax system is an essential tool for sustainable economic growth.
Methods: the methodological basis of the research was the General scientific methods of cognition (dialectic; coexistence of historic and logistic approaches; structure and function analysis; expert evaluation of social-economic policy).
Results: considering Russia's economic potential and its use, it was noted that the modern state socio-economic policy is contrary to the objective economic laws of the formation of the social state. This creates favorable prerequisites for the formation of state-oligarchic capitalism in Russia, that is, the merging of private business with government officials. In words, this is accompanied by a fierce fight against corruption in the higher echelons of power, but in reality only contributes to its prosperity. Such a socio-economic policy inevitably leads to a greater lag in the economic development of Russia from the advanced post-industrial countries, rolling it to the margins of world development, and the transformation of our state into a raw material appendage and supplier of cheap labor for the progressively developing countries. It is inadmissible not to understand this to persons responsible for state social and economic policy.
Conclusions and Relevance: the proposals on improving the Russian state tax policy as one of the most important conceptual bases of the country's successful social and economic development have been developed. When deciding on documents so crucial for the country, it is necessary to be guided not by the lobbying of narrowly departmental and personal interests, but by conceptual scientific bases. They should determine the social and economic effectiveness of such a policy in the development of a society that really strives to achieve the main values in the life of each person: the knowledge of the truth, a longer life expectancy, sufficiency and well-being.
In the article the mechanism of realization of the program of sustainable development of the economy of the region with the predominance of the type of economic activity (PVC) is considered. The procedure for implementing the program for sustainable development of the region's economy was developed with the predominance of a separate type of economic activity: strategic vision, assessing the sufficiency of strategic resources, strategic planning, analyzing the attainability of strategic goals, program decomposition, control and regulation. The functional structure of the dominant type of economic activity in the regional economy and the cybernetic scheme for allocating resources for the sustainable development of the region's economy with PVC are developed. The result of using the simulation model of the sustainable development of the economy of the Lipetsk region for the period until 2020 was adapted. A matrix of mutual influence among the participants of the regional economy on each other and a matrix of opportunities for accessing the competencies of the regional economy to the available resources were constructed. The distribution of resources between competences in the economy of the Lipetsk region is calculated. A mechanism has been created for the implementation of the program for the sustainable development of the region's economy with the predominance of a separate type of economic activity.
Purpose: to present the author's mechanism for implementing the program for sustainable development of the region's economy with the predominance of a separate type of economic activity.
Methods: the scientific article is based on the provisions of the neoclassical institutional theory, the principles of sustainable development and the basic postulates of the regional economy. The article uses comparative, tabular, graphical and economic-statistical methods.
Results: the final form of the mechanism for implementing the program for sustainable development of the region's economy was drawn up with the involvement of the predominant type of economic activity. It has been established that the development of a mechanism for the implementation of the sustainable development program for the region's economy with PVCD implies the use of a "contour-modular" approach in which all the main contours of the management of functional areas are linked within the modules describing the main stakeholder groups.
Conclusions and Relevance: the practical significance of the developed mechanism lies in the fact that it can be used in any region. Particular attention should be paid to the information, technical and personnel contours in the process of implementing the sustainable development program for the region's economy, improving the quality of which is carried out using certain economic models that allow us to determine the optimal values of the specific parameters of the state of each of them.
Purpose: the purpose of the research is to study the current state of technological competition between the leading Arctic States, its impact on the Russian Federation, as well as to develop recommendations for Russia to take into account the future direction of relevant global and regional trends. Methods: the presented research was carried out on the basis of the ecosystem approach and comparative analysis of open sources, using the generally accepted theoretical methods of scientific knowledge.
Results: the article defines the most significant European participants of the technological competition in the Arctic region (the Russian Federation, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, etc.) on the level of governments and corporations. The main objectives, tasks, plans, projects and scale of state and company technological competition in the Arctic is defined. The analysis of the importance of valuable international methodological experience of country technological capacity-building in the Arctic is carried out. The forecast is given to the forthcoming repartition of spheres of influence in the Arctic, the reasons of transformation of the global market taking into account nearest future market supply of new volumes of minerals from the European Arctic are shown. The analysis of historical and modern activity of Arctic participants, resources supply, new markets and their influence on the Russian Federation is carried out. Recommendations about consideration by the Russian Federation of future world and regional technological and other trends are offered.
conclusions and Relevance: the analysis of the state of technological competition between the Arctic countries, as well as future plans for the development of the Arctic from their side, proves the forecast of active search of complex benefits from environmental changes in the Arctic. Considering the rapid change in the global environment at the transnational level, the growing technological vulnerability and isolation of Russia, it is necessary for the Russian Federation to take timely into account new opening trends in the development of the Arctic. In this sense, it is very important to maintain the pace of the Russian Federation's increasing its technological competence in the Arctic.
Purpose: the aim of the thesis – analyze the development of the oil and gas sector of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District and assess the influence exerted by them on the socio-economic and environmental dynamics of the region.
Methods: the methodological foundations of the research are based on modeling scenarios, analysis of open statistical sources, projected estimates and calculations, projected methods. As open statistical sources were used the data of the official statistics, analytical materials of international organizations, federal and regional authorities.
Results: the main result of the research is the author's methodology for assessing regional effects arising from the implementation of investment projects. Based on the created methodology, regional effects resulting from the implementation of investment projects in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District were identified, according to the analysis of which developed recommendations to strengthen their localization in the region.
Conclusions and Relevance: during the analyzed period the carried out calculations of regional effects showed that the positive direct effects emerge in the economic sector only while indirect ones are too weak in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. In these conditions, the regional authorities face the problem to strengthen the localization of direct and indirect effects in the region, because the investment projects can be a locomotive for the development of the region’s prosperity.
The article considers the main features of managing the sustainable development of the region's economy, which includes a predominant type of economic activity (PVCC). It is shown that in the current conditions, firstly, the process of planning the development of the regional economy is based on cascading, and secondly, when creating a scheme for interaction between the subjects of the economy, the main tasks are focused on improving the sustainability of the region's development, taking into account the resource restructuring of the dominant type of economic activity; thirdly, in order to involve PVCD in sustainable development of the region, the possibilities of using this type of activity as the driving force of changes are taken into account. Also, the article describes the enlarged list of ways to manage the sustainable development of the region's economy with PVC, presents a map of approaches to managing sustainable development of the economy of the Lipetsk region, with the predominance of the type of economic activity "Processing industries", and an author's algorithm for selecting the priority direction for the development of the region's economy with PVC. The analysis of the stability of products according to the types of economic activity of the Lipetsk region was carried out, on the basis of which a conclusion was made about the prospects of economic activities for balancing PVC. The most widespread restrictions of development of economy of region with prevailing type of economic activity are presented.
Purpose; to formulate recommendations on the analysis of economic activities and the choice of products that will reduce the dependence of the region's economy on PVC.
Methods: the scientific results are based on the main provisions of the neoclassical institutional theory, the principles of sustainable development and the basic postulates of the regional economy. The article uses comparative, analytical and economic-statistical methods.
Results: formed a consolidated list of ways to manage the sustainable development of the region's economy with PVC, described the opportunities for choosing approaches to managing sustainable development of the economy of the Lipetsk region, with the predominance of the type of economic activity "Processing industries'", an algorithm for selecting the priority direction for the development of the region's economy with PVC, transformer rolling, anonymous expert questioning of the sustainability of economic activities of the Lipetsk region, the most common restrictions on the development of the region's economy with the predominant type of economic activity are revealed.
Conclusions and Relevance: the practical importance of the developed methodological provisions lies in the possibility of their application to analyze possible directions for improving the sustainability of economic development in specific regions. In particular, for the Lipetsk region, the most potential for sustainability are the types of economic activities "Transport and Communication", "Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry".
ISSN 2411-796X (Online)