Modernization process currently underway in economics of the Russian Federation subjects reveal serious discrepancy between present professional education systems and demands of regional economics real sectors in professionals of all categories from workers of leading occupations to engineers and technicians. The problem of preparation of professionals qualified in conformity with up-to-date regional economics modernization demands may be solved only through creation
of equal conditions for citizens of all regions of the Russian Federation to obtain qualified professional education.

The competence approach in education means to focus on developing learning capabilities, self-determination, socialization and development of personality. One of the results of education should be ability to use the acquired knowledge in solving practical problems. Future specialist must possess special theoretical knowledge and specific personality traits. It is necessary to create social partnership regional systems in the form of «high school – employer – student – executive power bodies» chains. Ways of interaction between universities and employers are suggested along with methods and forms of cooperation with business entities.

No proper attention is given in existing management theories and concepts to systematization and analysis of non-material management factors, so-called «soft-factors». In industries, management soft-factors may be treated in a broader way. An example of a broader treatment of management soft-factors is given for the system of state regulation of foreign trade activities in industries along with specification, determination and rating of organizational and administrative management soft-factors.

Market planning in businesses dealing both with goods and services plays an important coordinating role, since it helps an enterprise to attain its inner consent, to determine development directions, to stimulate inner cooperation, to coordinate distribution of its resources and to formulate ways to solve tasks on the basis of which the company intends to reach its marketing aims. Specified in the article are market planning stages to be followed by a company engaged in the sphere of design services, compliance with the stages making it easier to develop the final marketing plan, to create new advantages both to stand competition at the chosen market and even to take leading positions there.

Characteristic for contemporary regional social/economic systems are various combinations of homogeneous and non-homogeneous components. An example of such a system (Ryazan Oblast, Russian Federation) is comprehensively described. Traditional methods used to manage social and economic development of systems featured with non-homogeneity are not always effective. In order to provide for stable modernization of non-homogeneous social/economic regional systems, respective management coordination mechanisms are to be developed.

Collective investment is practiced widely in the world, since considerable funds may be accumulated in this way, the risks being born by all the investors. In Russia, there are certain problems that do not make it possible to properly use the collective investment’s potential. The problems are described in detail and on basis of this analysis it is shown how current difficulties in the finance sphere could be overcome. Solution of performance problems faced by collective investment institutions in Russia depends both on the ways venture companies develop themselves and the rate market environment regulation mechanism is updated by the state.

Effectiveness of management decisions may be assessed through such criteria as admissibility, efficiency and optimization effect. Management decision expressed in qualitative form is optimal only in case the aim is single, the restrictions are formulated distinctly and respective mathematical extremity task is solved. However, it is quite often that many economic phenomena, processes and relations are hardly expressed in quantitative manner. Management decisions are to be assessed qualitatively on the basis of empirical and theoretical criteria.

Retracted article

Innovation is a new development in the field of technology, work organization or management that provides for increased efficiency. Today, the innovation process has become nonlinear. It is important for an innovation-based economy to create something new, but it is more important to make productive use of innovations. In recent years, modern tools have emerged and continue to develop in the national innovation policy, but they are not exhaustive of the national innovation system. By many indicators of innovation activities, Russia is far behind the world average. Recently, crowdsourcing (transfer of tasks to large groups of people in the form of an open offer) has become a powerful innovation tool.

Innovative activities of a company include production of «innovative» products, research of existing markets and the competitive environment and implementation of a set of related managerial, organizational and economic measures. Discussed in the article are deficiencies of such approaches to the «innovative potential» term as the scientific/technological determinism and the resource-based approach. Owners’, managers’ and employees’ innovation «spirit», motivation and will to innovative activities act as core of the innovation potential. Innovative potential is defined as the company’s ability to generate new ideas, to turn these ideas into marketable products, to produce the product and to sell it, including creating such conditions under which the new product is regarded by buyers as corresponding to their needs.

If a borrower who is in the state of insolvency performs his obligations under loan agreements, cases of challenging the debtor’s transactions may arise. It is expedient to use in Russia international experience of informal financial recovery for pre-trial financial rehabilitation of debtors. The rehabilitation includes three steps: continuous monitoring of the borrowers’ financial state by regional councils of directors and the court (or only by creditors); development and signing of rehabilitation plan and peaceful agreement; control over performance of the agreement by the
debtor. Anti-crisis management expert’s services may be helpful.

Innovative development of insurance activities must be directed towards creation of new insurance products. Up-to-date innovative insurance marketing should be carried out on the basis of an efficient innovative process management system. For a big insurance company with a large
client base, high service standards may be warranted only through implementation of innovations linked with newest information technologies.

Insufficient use of franchising is one of the major factors hampering the development of services in Russia. Main problems of franchising in Russia concentrate currently in the legislative and legal spheres. There is no specific law on franchising in the domestic legislation system. Russia is substantially behind the U.S. and Europe, so far as laws and operating practices related to franchising are concerned. Urgent adjustments are needed for current legislation in Russia, first of all to bring it in line with accepted standards of franchising in the West, particularly relating to the
protection of franchisers and franchisee.

Presented in the article is a wave model of market pricing expressed in the form of differential equation defined with market characteristics. At certain parameters, there is concordance between solution of the equation and such market behavior description tools as Elliott waves and Fibonacci levels.

Instrument-making enterprises face the competitiveness improvement problem. Only transition to innovative strategies will make it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises of the instrument-making branch to stand competition with industrial production world leaders. This
transition may come true only provided all resources available are used to form innovative technological production standards and the state regulation quality is fundamentally improved.

Retracted article

At present, the share of small-sized enterprises in Gross Domestic Product and their development rates in Russia are considerably lower than those in economically developed countries. The state regulates market relations there only through legislation. In Russia and in other countries with transition economics small-sized enterprises should get essential legal, financial and economical support on the part of the state. Russian entrepreneurship innovative development ways are shown.

Success of any innovation process depends, in part, on the management of conflicts of interests. The conflict of interest is regarded as availability with a decision-maker of a corruption interest that prevents realization of a society-important goal. Factors that make conflicts of interests and
negatively or positively influence the innovation process are discussed. Ways of minimizing negative impacts and instruments of managing the conflicts of interest are proposed for successful development of an innovative transport system. It is necessary to improve public procurement
and tax legislations, to introduce in state institutions the key principles of solving issues related to conflicts of interest that are practiced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Venture companies patronized by venture funds unavoidably face up with the problem of exit out of the fund in order to start independent development. The exit should be made with maximum benefit both for the company and the fund. One of this behavior strategic ways is initial public offering of the venture company (IPO market). An alternative of such exit is a transaction of merging and absorption (M&A market). Main tendencies of the venture IPO market in Russia are discussed along with comparison of this market with that in the USA.

Tax liability planning is vital for industrial enterprises to reduce their tax burden and thus reduce expenses of the organization for a certain period. Industrial enterprises are among main taxpayers in the Russian Federation, and recommendations given in the article on topical issues related to planning of tax obligations will help top managers of the enterprises to avoid unnecessary financial losses and to ensure further growth and development of their organizations. Attention is focused on specifics of the industrial enterprises’ activities under present conditions due to the nature and particular features of their operation.

At current society development stage, efficient use of entrepreneurship provides for stable production and high living standards. Entrepreneurship is a specific type of economic activities, entrepreneur is a special subject of management. Entrepreneurship’s objective prerequisites and possibilities to get efficiently adapted to postindustrial economic conditions lay in its very essence. Personal and professional qualities of a successful entrepreneur make him effective both as capital owner and manager. The state must create favorable conditions for Russian entrepreneurship.

This paper presents a new systematic approach to identifying main pyramid projections of business for main consumers of company’s products and services. Pyramid and matrix business concepts are introduced through which the consumers may assess the state of business of any industrial enterprise. Investigated in the article are factors and components of successful sales. Using the business matrix and pyramid, a new promising and consumer-directed approach to choosing the organization’s marketing activity directions is developed. The industrial enterprise component notion is defined along with the component’s main elements. A list of enterprise management and investment priority tasks is made.

One of the main conditions to proceed with the Kuragino-Kyzyl railway construction project, part of the Kyzyl – Naryn – Muren – Erdenet line, is economic viability of exploration of deposits located in the Tuva Republic (Tyva) and in Northwestern Mongolia. At the Tyva Southern macroregion territory there are some large and middle deposits. Investment in exploration of the largest deposits may be quite effective, so there are good prospects for a mining complex to be created on the basis of these deposits. However, development of a mining complex in this region demands that participation of the government be essential, particularly in the form of public-private partnership.

At present, considerable disproportions take place in Russia between organizational, regulatory, social and economic relations actually existing in restaurant and hotel business enterprises on one part and provisions of their legal law basic norms and regulations on the other part. Labor organization and normative practice improvement directions are proposed for enterprises of the branch. Economic essence of the “tipping” phenomenon is revealed. Measures aimed at elimination of overcoming wage rise rates in comparison with those of the labor productivity presently existing in the branch.

Managerial analysis as a part of the enterprise accounting management system serves to satisfy enterprise managers’ demands in information and consists in enterprise activities examination aimed at taking optimal management decisions facilitating efficient development of the enterprise. The basis of managerial analysis methods is investigation of relations between main economic indices of three groups: costs, scope of production (realization) of goods (services) and income.

The article reveals the essence of economic relations between Russia and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe after elimination of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and collapse of the Soviet Union. The quantitative and qualitative changes in state economies during transition period are reflected in the article.

Rapid development of national payment systems (NPS) is determined with such main factors as globalization of economic relations, application of newest information technologies, structural changes in the banking sphere and growth of the role of central banks. NPS should be considered as integral functional and institutional component of the country’s monetary system. Among main criteria that determine NPS development possibility there are its integrity, stability and flexibility. NPS may be regarded at as structure composed of the basic, organizational and regulating blocks.

Knowledge, along with skills and abilities forms the concept of professional qualification. Knowledge management as function and type of enterprise management activities includes making the knowledge more practically valuable and creating an active learning environment. Acquisition and assimilation of new knowledge includes six steps discussed in the article: definition, acquisition, selection, storage, distribution, use, development and implementation.

The article provides a portfolio of marketable concept, examines the main stages in the formation of commodity portfolio, given the characteristics of commodity policies and strategies of the enterprise.

The paper presents an analysis of various perspectives on the agricultural, institutional changes in Russia, SJ Witte and VK Plehve. The features of these approaches, the analysis of statistical material, which allowed to demonstrate the urgent need to solve the agrarian question in a reactionconservative policy end of the century XIX century.