Summarized are fi ndings of the research study “Special-purpose program management of comprehensive development of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation”) based on systems methodology, partially published in 2014-2015 and funded by the Russian Science Foundation. The fi ndings above include substantiation of the uniqueness of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation as an object of public administration and public policy and that of the program of comprehensive development of this area as the Russian Arctic area redevelopment megaproject. The study outcomes also involve: analysis and assessment of the key substantive components and two implementation phases of the program above; analysis and substantiation of the specifi city of using project-oriented approach in the practice of special-purpose program management of development of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation. Briefl y discussed are and evaluation provided of the experiences of using projectoriented approach in practical public administration and public policy in Russia. The key fi nding of the paper, valuable for substantiation of the organizational system and practical issues of the policy above – effi ciency of the megaproject of the region's redevelopment is signifi cantly precipitated by eff ective application of the special-purpose program management approach to the development policy for the Arctic area of the Russian Federation. Within this context the area above is interpreted as a unique and integrated object of the public policy while coordination of every policy actor relies on the shared (single) target of the megaproject and economic, social and infrastructural ties both historically established and those specially designed and organized to implement this megaproject.

The article presents an analysis of the problem of the technology choice for Arctic territories cultivation. The authors regards two alternatives, settlement technology and long-distance commuting. The paper describes two examples of diff erent technologies’ implementation, cases of municipal district Vorkuta (Russian Federation) and archipelago Spitsbergen (Norway). Economic analysis of activity of Norwegian and Russian coal-mining companies confirms the higher level of productivity for Norwegian company SNSK. The authors formulated conclusions concerning economic eff ectiveness of settlement technology and long-distance commuting approach on the basis of economic calculations.

In the article trust analysis to the major regional authorities on the level of the Northern sub-Arctic region of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous area has been carried out. It is supposed methodologically, that trust circles act as the key element and long-term economic development precondition because they reduce transactions costs, allow you to make in a broader planning horizon, building relationships in the «power – business – society» triad. Empirical data shows that the regional society trust in the Yamalo- enets Autonomous area is at risk. The political parties, trade unions, the legislature of the region are least trusted by the Northern region’ residents, as, indeed, by all residents of Russia. The court as a mean of protecting basic rights and freedoms and the Governor are considered to be the trust leaders among regional government institutions. The very high level of protest expectations is being supported by fairly sizeable (one third of the region residents) protest potential level. Taking into account the relative trust reduction to the Governor of the region by of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous area’ residents, this mood cannot but arouse concerns. This situation distinguishes the Northern region’ residents from the other two sub-regions of the Tyumen region ones, where more than half of the population trusts the Governor, and there is positive dynamics of trust.

The work discusses the problems of training and retraining of administrative staff as the most important factor of development based on programoriented management of complex development of the Russian Arctic. Diff erent ways and areas of training and retraining of managerial staff for the Russian Arctic. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of students, graduate students and faculty of educational institutions of higher education. The analysis showed a defi cit of managerial staff and mismatch problems of innovative development of economy and social sphere of the Russian Arctic. The need for interdisciplinary collaboration, including a detailed study severovedeniya. The experience of the functioning of the universities in small towns Arctic countries. Presented proposals for adjustment of legislative regulation of the educational sphere.

The study is particularly mining companies located in the Russian Arctic. The main results of the study include the rationale for the demand for products Arctic mineral corporations and retain their capitalization, even in conditions of «sanctions» policy of the West. The main fi eld of application of the obtained results is the formation of industrial policy resource corporations, including at the regional level. At the heart of the industrial policy of the Russian Arctic are the principles of strategic import substitution. While Arctic mineral corporations may be, including in the implementation of the Arctic mega-projects on the principles of state-private partnership, «the locomotive» the dynamics of innovation in the economy.

The paper proves the necessity to invest into the human capital in order to be settled in the Arctic and to compete for the resources there. The
Arctic zone is characterized by depopulation. The fi xed eff ect model of population growth in 8 Russian Arctic regions from 1997 to 2013 indicates that poverty, number of doctors, education opportunities, housing availability have substantial eff ects. Eliminating excessive spatial diff erences in the social development of Arctic regions should be seen as a priority of the state policy in the Arctic in order to make it attractive for living.

In this study, the authors analyze the level of social well-being of residents of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, the whole of the Tyumen region and the average in Russia. Social well-being is calculated as the average of thrills challenges, dangers of social optimism (tactical and strategic), satisfaction with life in general. It is shown that social well-being of inhabitants of the Arctic region is not signifi cantly diff erent from the well-being of residents of neighboring, more southern districts (the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, south of the Tyumen region). In this study is shown the factorial structure of social well-being, as well as its dynamics over the eight years of observations.

This article contains analysis of the implementation of the third stage of subprogram «Development and use of Arctic region» of the federal target program «World ocean». Following areas of subprogram were analyzed during the research: capital investments, research and development, «other needs» article, level of fi nancing and means of subprogram’s results evaluation. Also method of weight coefficients was used for assessment of subprogram’s eff ectiveness and adjustments for subprogram system of management were proposed based on results of the research.

The intensive development of the adjacent Arctic zone of Russia (ASR) is connected with the necessity of the use of information and logical model. Effi cient organization of the process of development requires, first of all, the comprehensive development of all areas of transport: air, sea, rail, road, pipeline and is based on the solution of complex engineering problems encountered in exploration and development of mineral deposits and transportation of refi ned products in arctic conditions.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the innovation environment YaNAO through objective and subjective economic indicators (of evaluation) indicators. The discrepancy between the favorable macroeconomic environment for the development of innovation and low rating of innovation activity in the region suggests underutilization of innovative environment YaNAO and underdevelopment of the innovation system of the region. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the main factors of innovation environment of the region identifi ed reserves of YaNAO innovation system in order to improve the innovation potential and the results of innovative activities in the region. Proposals for optimizing the monitoring system YaNAO innovation environment as a whole and the individual measures to strengthen its reserves .

In modern conditions of development of the world economy and the processes of globalization increasingly raises the question of the independence of the region from products that are necessary for the viability of the population purchased from third-party States. One of the ways of development of the region is the strategy of active import substitution. In this work, we studied the methods of implementation of the active import substitution strategy. We propose a variant of development of the mechanism of intensifi cation of active import substitution, which includes targeted comprehensive program, containing the plan of activities aimed at creating competitive advantages of enterprises involved in import substitution.

In this article and summarized the regularities of formation of foreign experience and trends of development of Arctic territories. Set out the important points predetermine orientation and specificity of manifestations of national interests – potential participants of the subsoil in the Arctic zone. On the basis of the illuminated materials were obtained the following conclusions: Signifi cant interest in the Arctic show today, not only the fi ve countries (Russia, USA, Canada, Norway, Denmark), who own Arctic territories, but also polar state (Iceland, Sweden, Finland), the European Union and Asia. As a consequence of that, it is expected that in the XXI century the Arctic region will be the focus of attention as an official Arctic 45, and a number of states whose territory is quite removed from it; For Russia, given the current, acute political conditions (sanctions, confrontation with the West, Ukrainian crisis and war in the Middle East) development of Arctic territories, some moved away, moved on tomorrow and the day after tomorrow on the agenda. This approach is fundamentally fl awed and fraught with a number of threats, because other countries do not decrease, but only increase their interest in this issue; Territorial opposition to all those involved in the topic of causing instability in the Arctic region, but does not represent a real threat for the emergence of large-scale conflict. Therefore, making the choice between the hard pressure of national interests and the interests of harmonization of the Arctic states, Russia must be based on international cooperation
and mutual consideration of interests in the development of its Arctic strategy; Considering the cooperation of the countries of the Arctic Council and their cooperation in the framework of a global economic forum G8, there are prerequisites for the decision of the Arctic confl ict through negotiation and compromise. In this context it is very important to develop the legal and regulatory institutional frameworks on Arctic issues.

The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that, based on best international practices and trends in the fi eld of exploration and development of Arctic territories, recommend measures regarding the development and implementation of the Russian Arctic policy, namely: Increase the efficiency of technological equipment and exploration and production of natural resources in the Arctic; The achievement of a reliable logistical infrastructure to secure future energy supplies; Transformation of the operational risks of development and extraction of natural resources in the Arctic financial risks through the mechanisms of public-private partnerships and venture fi nancing; Harmonization of domestic legislation in the
sphere of development of Arctic territories with international; Liberalization of the production and sale of energy resources, lobbying national Arctic interests at the global level through the various national structures and institutions.

The intensive development of the Russian Arctic (CBA) provided a signifi cant amount of administrative territories, has a unique mineral resources, implemented in a complex international environment. The intersection points of mutual economic and political interests of the founding members of the Arctic Council as a whole complicate the development of the international development of the Arctic zone (AZ). The complex political, economic and climatic conditions of the development of the CBA defi ne the need for a systematic management approach.

This paper analyzes the resumption of works aimed at rebuilding and modernizing transport and related military infrastructure in the Russian part of the Arctic. The analysis of the category of «risk». The objective of linking various state programs involved in the research and development of the Arctic is formulated in view of various types of risks a tree of objectives assigned to these programs in the context of uncertain changes in the timeline and volume of funding allocated for diff erent programs.

The article focuses on general characteristics of the investment climate of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, analyses its structure (through the example of the investment climate of certain arctic regions), and suggests potential areas of focus in the improvement work.

The article describes a model of six econometric equations, designed for the analysis of the sustainability of development in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation - Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The article analyzes the spheres of human activity in the Chukchi Autonomous District: social, industrial, natural resources. Each sphere is estimated indicators. The theoretical views of various researchers on sustainable development and defi nes the concept of sustainable development of the spheres of human activity in the Arctic region. Under the sustainable development of the Arctic region of space refers to such changes in the indices of spheres of human activity in the region, which increase the potential for human development. The numerical value of the potential of human development is estimated Human Development Index. The article describes the methodological principles of constructing a model of six equations econometric analysis of the sustainable development of the Arctic region. Each of the six equations presented in the form of ADL-model, because it allows us to estimate the dependence of ADL values of the spheres of human activity in the region from the current and past values of the series of other indicators. Selected endogenous and exogenous variables for the model. We discuss the algorithm for fi nding the model parameters. On the basis of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug are six coeffi cients of econometric equations. The analysis of the results of the decision model. Methodological principles and results of the decision model can be used to develop strategies for sustainable development of the municipality, a separate Arctic, or a combination of all the Arctic regions of Russia.

This paper presents a conceptual idea of the organization of management of development of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation in the form of a set of target subspace. Among the possible types of target subspace comprising the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, allocated seven subspace: basic city mobile Camps, site production of mineral resources, recreational area, fishing area, the Northern Sea Route, infrastructure protection safe existence in the Arctic. The task of determining the most appropriate theoretical approach for the development of each target subspaces. To this end, the theoretical approaches of economic growth and development of the theory of "economic base» (Economic Base Theory); resource theory (Staple Theory); Theory sectors (Sector Theory); theory of growth poles (Growth Pole Theory); neoclassical theory (Neoclassical Growth Theory); theory of inter-regional trade (Interregional Trade Theory); theory of the commodity cycle; entrepreneurial theory (Entrepreneurship Theories).

Proposed the basic relationship of the instrumental nature of economic, institutional and technological factors. Proposed considerations in developing the rationale for their respective regional innovation programs and their monitoring.

The article presents a model of development in the Russian part of the Barents Region on the basis of institutional and functional approach. At the heart of the institutional and functional approach in constructing the model of territorial development is the idea of describing the socioeconomic space of the territory in terms of the institutional environment. The institutional environment in this model is characterized by a state of social, economic, industrial and environmental spheres of human activity in the region, the development of which increases the potential for human development. The model describes the state of the institutional environment, including (1) the interaction of organizations and actors; (2) The process of interaction between organizations and the environment; (3) the eff ectiveness of the actors. The actors in the institutional and functional model of territorial development companies are economic entities that refl ect the specifi cs of the industry and the industrial and economic structure of the regional economy, as well as the population living and working in the region. Organizations in the model are such institutions, organizations that (1) regulate the actions of the various actors of socio-economic, industrial and environmental processes taking place in the socio-economic environment of territories; (2) regulate the activities of various actors directly involved themselves in these processes. Institutional and functional development model developed for the territories of the Russian part of the Barents Region.

The article discusses the approaches to evaluation of development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation on the basis of the accumulation of capital. Features of reproduction process in the 2000th years are marked out. The main mechanisms providing investment growth and possibility of their improvement in the long term are considered. Options for assessing the prospects of economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation by criteria of increase in profi tability of investments and volume of savings are offered.

The concept of sustainable development is an important characteristic of the management of economic systems at diff erent levels, which determines the most advantageous strategy of development management - the long sustained growth across all lines of business and economic systems. Evolution of the problem, objectives of development management, sustainability, etc. have been suffi cient researched in the literature about sustainable development. However, not all components of the categories were defi ned in connection with the control procedures and demanded process parameters. The article deals with the problems of managing the change processes in economic systems. The problems of identifi cation of components of development management and identifi cation of their domains are raised during the process of sustainable development management. This paper analyses the approaches to formation of development strategy of economic systems, systematizes basic factors and methods of development process, which is necessary for the development of portfolio strategy in sustainable development of economic systems.

Retracted article

The paper estimates the ongoing changes in the Russian closed administrative territorial entities’ functioning under the infl uence of external factors that are expressed in the current aggravation of the international situation, and internal – long-term buildup of strategic military capabilities and strengthening of the role of defensive sector in the economy of Russia. The problem of harmonization of national security and socio-economic development priorities of the closed cities of the Russian Arctic is considered.

Retracted article

In this article we presented and disclosed some abstracts related to the problems of development of the Arctic and subarctic areas, which according to various expert estimates contain from 15 to 25% of the world reserves of primary energy resources, as well as the study examines the current situation and prospects of the Russian Federation the process of development of the Arctic territories.

The purpose of this article is to study Russia's priorities at the national and regional levels related to the extraction of minerals that can be used to enhance the competitiveness of Russia on the world level and to ensure national energy security. Also, a study of this article is aimed at addressing issues related to the development of recommendations for the development of the global system of economic and energy security in the context of exploitation of prospective deposits in the Arctic region.

Methodology. The methodological basis of this article are comparative and economic-statistical methods of analysis.

Results: In this article were subsequently solved the problem, to achieve this goal, in particular: examined the general trends of energy development of civilization, considered the legal issues concerning the status of the Arctic and the Arctic regions, the basic global trends of world energy development and justifi ed system for ensuring global energy security.

Conclusions. There were obtained the following basic conclusions: First, the Arctic and the Arctic area are world heritage, so the development of deposits on them should be in the interest of the world community on a non-discriminatory basis; secondly, energy future civilization will be based on the harmonious combination of traditional and renewable energy sources, which determines the need to rationalize the consumption of energy resources in the present; Third, environmental issues prospects of development of the Arctic and subarctic areas suffi ciently sharp and discussion, therefore, should be used in aggressive technology of extraction of primary energy resources of the Arctic fi elds. It was found that the
improvement of conditions for the dissemination and implementation of technological innovation in reducing or optimizing the geopolitical, military, economic, environmental, cultural risks in the Arctic region involve: support for research centers, producing technological innovations in the fi eld of exploration and development of the Arctic shelf, and broadcasting their respective corporations; the development of infrastructure to reduce the institutional, economic and technological backwardness of the State leaders and to achieve the highest standards of safety and performance standards.

This article discusses the use of balance of labour resources and population and labour resources movements balance for the assessment of the current and future state of regional labor markets and migration linkages in the regions of the Russian Arctic. The purpose of this article is to obtain projections of the dynamics of the main indicators of balance of labour resources, structure and dynamics of population and labor resources of the Russian Arctic regions. The study was performed in the methodology of balance of labour resources and population and labour resources movements balance. The model of population and labor resources movement, taking into account the repeated displacement of people is used. With account of the historical period we forecast the main parameters of population movements structure. The results of calculations on the example for the regions of the Asian and European parts of the Russian Arctic is given. The main problems of the Arctic regions labor resources are identifi ed. The resulting estimates of prospective changes in the structure of balance of labour resources, the most signifi cant sources of additional labor resources, changes to the importance of these sources. The article considers the trends of inter-regional movement of population and labor resources. The analysis of the main areas of origin and regions of arrival is made. The main donor regions and the recipient regions for regions of the Russian Arctic are named. The analysis of structural imbalances on the regional labour markets is made. The contribution the Arctic regions in the magnitude of structural unemployment is measured. Its shown, which regions can be conventionally considered labor-surplus and-defi cient. The results of the study can be used in the development of regional employment programmes, the development and implementation of migration policy, the development of the forecast of labour resources balance sheet, and especially of the forecast of labour resources balance sheet for the regions of the Russian Arctic. The article presents recommendations for improving tool of analysis and forecasting, measures of state social and economic policy are proposed that will enable more effi cient use of labour resources in the Arctic, can use to solve problems of coordination of labor demand and its supply on regional labour markets more eff ectively.

In the industrially developed countries about 80–95% of the GDP increase is provided by new knowledge represented by new technologies and machinery. This transition to the new innovative development became possible with the creation of new technological patterns for organization of R&D, industrial and innovative activities. Despite of the fact that the structures of national and regional innovative systems of diff erent countries have much in common which concerns the components, the functional classifi cation and the interaction procedures, the question of theoretical structural description of the regional innovative system seems to be of importance. The object of research is the interaction between the entities of the Russian Arctic innovative system from the viewpoint of the complex information inputs. The subject of research is the model-algorithmic support of the automated system providing for innovative activities within the Russian Arctic zone.

The article is aimed to work out the theoretical and practical methods for automation of the regional innovative system management with application of modern information technologies. In order to achieve the specifi ed goal, the following tasks are solved in the article: determining of the modern methods and approaches of organization and management of the information flows within the contemporary business communities; the analysis and structural description of the regional innovative system; working out of the concept for the complex automated information system supporting the innovative activity. The research methods. For solving of the stated tasks some methods and approaches for creating of the social networks, methods of organization of the information fl ows based on the Web 2.0 technology and some expert methods of innovation were used. Finally, the following results were obtained: the structural description of the regional innovative system has been worked out. The main elements and relations were determined; the concept of creation of the complex automated information system supporting the innovative activity with implementation of Web 2.0 technology has been worked out; the organizational and technological aspects of the appropriate structure and the list of the needed information services for the participants of the innovative activity has been worked out.

The practical value of the obtained results is that the main principles for creation of the complex automated information system supporting the innovative activity with implementation of Web 2.0 technology has been worked out and substantiated.

The proposed system could be used in the sphere of public administration and coordination of communication and information support of the participants of the innovative activity in the Russian Arctic zone.

The article presents the fundamental theoretical background needed to assess the effectiveness of the system (actors, projects, activities) which made a number of original fi ndings aimed at improving their competitiveness.

Globalization processes which lead to the appearance and development of global risks are stated in the article. A categorization of global risks and their infl uence on the Arctic region development process are given by the author. By using a model of integrated system of econometric equations a model for forecasting the development of categories of global risks is proposed. On the basis of received results an estimation of future impact of global risks on the processes in the Arctic region is given in the article.

This article discusses the possible interaction regions of the Arctic zone. Describes the options for models of neural networks that can be used to project the development of the Arctic zone, taking into account the interaction of individual regions. Parsed version of the model for one area of the Arctic system on example of the Nenets Autonomous district. Calculation of coeffi cients of the proposed model by means of neural network modeling.