Purpose: to assess the involvement of domestic universities in the critical technology development in Russia based on the analysis of the integration of scientific and educational activities and related aspects of the scientific results transfer.

Methods: the study is based on data on the publication activity of Russian universities in the RSCI core journals and the assessment of the integration of scientific results reflected in them with the basic professional educational programs (BPEP) implementation. Bibliometric analysis methods and data parsing techniques were used. Informational basis includes data from the eLIBRARY; data from the Russian universities’ official websites; QS ranking data on the Russian universities’ positions.

Results: the level of universities specialization in specific critical technologies was assessed. A statistical relationship between the university publication activity in the field of the analyzed critical technologies and their activity in implementing the corresponding BPEP was identified. The results showed a moderately positive correlation (r=0.45) between the studied parameters. Master's degree programs (r=0.51) demonstrated a stronger connection with the results of scientific activity than bachelor's degree programs (r=0.38). The clustering of universities revealed differences in the approaches of sectoral, specialized, and multidisciplinary universities to the integration of research and educational activities within the framework of the analyzed critical technologies. It was found that universities with higher levels of collaboration between publication activity and BPEP tend to have higher positions in the QS rankings.

Conclusions and Relevance: the study’s results indicate a relationship between the university publication activity in the field of critical technologies and the BPEP implementation in the same field. The nature and extent of these relationships vary depending on the BPEP level and the type of university. These results can be used for the further analysis of the mechanisms that link scientific and educational activities in higher education institutions.

Purpose: to develop proposals for BRICS countries to cooperate in achieving carbon neutrality.

Methods: the study used a range of methods, including inductive-deductive, economic-statistical, comparative analysis, abstraction, etc.

Results: the article presents calculations of the carbon intensity of GDP and greenhouse gas emissions of the BRICS+ countries, in which China, India and Russia are leading within the group. Overall, the BRICS+ countries account for more than half of global greenhouse gas emissions, the main cause of which is the use of fossil fuels. The variability of the timeframes for achieving carbon neutrality by the BRICS+ countries is identified and the lack of corresponding goals for the new countries of the association (Iran, Egypt, and Ethiopia) is highlighted. Based on an analysis of the ways in which BRICS countries can implement their national-level contributions to decarbonization, key tools and solutions have been identified to overcome the barrier of cross-border carbon regulation.

Conclusions and Relevance: the BRICS+ countries, while unanimously recognizing the need to achieve carbon neutrality, have a flexible approach to energy transition, which maintains their own priorities in fossil fuel import and export operations, and do not foresee the refusal to use the fossil fuel in the near future. Among the possible scenarios for decarbonizing national economies – reducing greenhouse gas emissions or adapting to climate change – the BRICS countries tend to follow the adaptive path of implementing climate strategies, demonstrating their variability in terms of the ambition of their goals, the priority given to them, and the methods of implementing decarbonization tools. It is promising for the countries of the association to create the single carbon market, to mutually recognize the carbon units, and approve their verifiers.

Purpose: to assess the impact of various immigration types on the small business development in the Russian regions.

Methods: quantile regression with fixed effects and time effects is the main method. The data of 82 subjects for 1996–2023 were used. The regions, depending on the level of entrepreneurial activity, are divided into 10 quantiles – from 0.1q to 0.99q.

Results: models with two dependent variables are evaluated – the number of employees per small business and the number of small enterprises. The specific weights of three types of immigration (intraregional, interregional, international) are explanatory variables. Some socio-demographic factors are also included. The results showed different effects of immigration on the dependent variables. Thus, interregional and intraregional immigration has a reverse effect on the number of employees, increasing from low to high quantiles, while international immigration has a direct growing effect in medium and high quantiles. The impact on the number of small enterprises of intraregional immigration has not been revealed; interregional immigration has a reverse effect with a decrease in the coefficient values from low to high quantiles; a slight reverse effect of international immigration was manifested in the regions of two middle quantiles.

Conclusions and Relevance: the domestic mobility of Russians does not have a positive impact on the development of small business. International immigrants increase employment, but only in the regions where SME development has reached at least average levels. The regions with higher employment rates in the small business are more acutely aware of the multidirectional impact of domestic and international immigration.

Purpose: to develop recommendations for actions in the sphere of public and private financial support for technology projects under changing macroeconomic conditions.

Methods: the main tool used was a comparative analysis of statistical data for 2020–2024, obtained from the Spark-Interfax accounting aggregator, on the activities of 337 companies receiving financial support.

Results: the study found that the performance of the Fund’s project portfolio is comparable to that of venture capital firms. However, amidst the changing macroeconomic environment, companies backed by venture capital firms are more prone to high volatility in their financial performance, as evidenced by a significant decline in net profit in 2022–2023 and its dynamic growth in 2024. Meanwhile, projects supported by the Fund demonstrate stable growth in both revenue and net profit. A shift in the financial rationale for end investor participation in projects was also identified: the portfolio of companies supported by the Fund demonstrated reduced tax payments while net profit increased, and the opposite was true for venture capital funds.

Conclusions and Relevance: the financial stability of the Fund’s project portfolio during periods of the macroeconomic changes confirms the Keynesian school's conclusion about the stabilizing role of government support measures. The high volatility and resilience of the venture capital institutions' portfolio are consistent with classical theory on the role of private capital in driving dynamic growth. The data obtained demonstrate the complementary function of two institutions supporting technology projects. It is recommended to monitor crisis indicators to determine the economic cycle, with an intensification of state support measures upon detecting a decline in investment activity in the venture market. This is aimed at financially securing innovative projects and maintaining human capital. During periods of recovery and active growth, it is proposed to focus on market-based instruments for supporting innovative activity.

Purpose: to assess the impact of patent activity on the financial performance (EBITDA and ROA) of oil and gas companies in the context of import substitution policy in the framework of the open innovation concept.

Methods: comparative, correlation and regression analysis with time lags of data from eight leading vertically integrated oil and gas companies – 4 Russian (PJSC Gazprom, Lukoil, Rosneft, Tatneft) and 4 international (BP, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Shell) for the period 2015– 2023. To assess the impact of import substitution on the operating profit of Russian companies, models with interaction variables were used.

Results: universal positive relationship between patent activity and subsequent growth in EBITDA and ROA (with a 3-year lag) was not identified. Significant differences in the effectiveness of innovation strategies between companies were revealed. The correlation turned out to be strongly positive for Tatneft and ExxonMobil, and negative for Lukoil and Gazprom. This reflects different approaches, from formal patenting and meeting institutional requirements to the targeted creation of commercialized technological assets. Regression analysis with the interaction variable revealed a tendency to weaken the positive impact of patents on operating profits of Russian companies compared with international ones in the context of import substitution policy.

Conclusions and Relevance: the import substitution policy stimulated the quantitative growth of patenting, but weakened its positive impact on the operational efficiency of Russian companies. This indicates a shift towards a more "closed" innovation model, where patent growth is often formal and does not provide the expected financial returns in the medium term. The study confirms that the quality of patents, the effectiveness of their commercialization, and the depth of integration into business processes are critical to financial results, rather than the volume of the patent portfolio.

Purpose: to develop categorical and conceptual apparatus for the subject area "external consumers of the organization", reflecting its basic study aspects, a system of concepts, most fully and accurately describing this phenomenon, as the foundation of a future theory.

Methods: in terms of bibliographic research, elements of a systematic review method were used; in terms of developing the conceptual apparatus, the categorical and systemic triad network method was used in the article.

Results: the research allowed obtaining the following results: 1) key categories and concepts that describe the subject area "external consumers of the organization" at the level of fundamental aspects of the study have been identified; 2) a model of the categorical and conceptual apparatus of the subject area as an ordered system of interconnected concepts has been developed. Examples of identifying new knowledge about the object are presented through the description of triads, complexes, and chains of triads of the model. The intermediate result of the study is a map of the terminological apparatus of the organization's external consumers extracted from scientific literature which allowed evaluating the content, completeness, elaboration and systematization of the theoretical aspects of the subject area at the time of the research.

Conclusions and Relevance: the developed triad network model integrates the conceptual apparatus of the subject area into a system of categories and concepts about external consumers of the organization that are united by a logical sequence, which most fully and accurately describe this phenomenon. This allows us to reduce the gap between theoretical understanding of the phenomenon and actively developing practice, create a foundation for scientifically grounded methods of managing relationships with external consumers, and ensure greater clarity in scientific discussions.

Purpose: to assess the potential of interstate integration as a foundation for achieving technological sovereignty within the Union State.

Methods: the study is grounded оn systemic and spatial-economic approaches that conceptualize integration as a multilevel system of technological, production, and institutional interactions. An assessment of national approaches to technological sovereignty is conducted using a comparative analysis of academic literature and a macroeconomic analysis of indicators reflecting key factors of scientific and technological development. The potential for economic integration is evaluated through a structural analysis of mutual trade, a dynamic analysis of regional trade flows, and an institutional analysis of joint ventures.

Results: the findings identify distinct models of technological sovereignty within the Union State. The Russian model is characterized by large-scale public financing of science and the development of a domestic research base, while the Belarusian model is primarily based on enterprise-level innovation activity and industrial modernization. Analysis of the structure of mutual trade indicates increasing sectoral complementarity, particularly in mechanical engineering and the chemical industry, while hydrocarbons remain a key driver of economic convergence. Interstate integration demonstrates growing spatial concentration in capital cities and industrially developed regions. Institutional constraints remain, but coordinated actions and harmonization of standards contribute to reducing barriers to integration, creating a technological and economic platform for it.

Conclusions and Relevance: the study demonstrates that increased political tensions and sanctions pressure have intensified both similarities and differences in the models of technological sovereignty within the Union State, while simultaneously stimulating deeper economic integration. This is reflected in the convergence of trade relations, development strategies, and regional economic interaction toward more intensive contractual and industrial partnerships.

Purpose: to justify the need to coordinate fiscal and monetary policies in order to create a favourable environment for the development of companies in the technology sector.

Methods: the methodological basis of the study is a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach incorporating tools from behavioural economics, economic analysis, and event modeling. The computational part of the work is based on an analysis of technology companies' reactions to the Bank of Russia's key rate decisions using an abnormal return model. The empirical analysis utilized the returns of the Moscow Exchange MOEXIT index. The research objects include the shares of Ozon, YDEX (Yandex), HEAD (Headhunter), VKCO (VKontakte), POSI (the Positive Group), CNRU (Zian), ASTR (Astra Group), SOFL (Softline), DATA (the Arenadata Group).

Results: the results of the analysis show that despite increased budget support for the technology sector, budgetary funds are being utilized insignificantly, while private investor funds are declining. Furthermore, investor reactions to key rate changes are weak and statistically insignificant. This means that when fiscal and monetary impacts are multidirectional – when fiscal measures stimulate development and high interest rates simultaneously restrain it – an environment is formed in which the technology sector does not receive sufficient impulse for accelerated development.

Conclusions and Relevance: this paper substantiates the need to align fiscal and monetary policies as a key condition for effectively reorienting investment flows toward strategically important sectors that contribute to achieving technological leadership. The findings highlight the need to rethink the role of the stock market as a channel for transmitting macroeconomic incentives in the face of sanctions pressure, limited access to external financing, and the growing importance of private capital's behavioural sensitivity to state economic policy instruments.

Purpose: to develop a model for training and development system of civil servants amid digitalization, the key element of which is a mechanism for building civil servants’ digital competencies based on a value-based approach.

Methods: the study relies on comprehensive methodology, including institutional and systems approaches. A content analysis of scholarly publications and Russian regulatory legal acts regulating the digitalization of HR processes in the civil service was conducted. Based on the modelling method, graphic interpretations of the system of civil servants’ training and development and the mechanism for the formation of digital competencies were developed.

Results: the analysis of key regulatory legal acts allowed systematizing the main areas of personnel work digitalization: remote interaction expansion, integration of personnel procedures in the digital environment, documentation standardization, and employee data updating. The article provides the model of the staff training and development system. A cyclic algorithm for implementing this mechanism is proposed, which includes diagnostics, goal-setting, training and assessment.

Conclusions and Relevance: the proposed system of civil servants’ training and development amid digitalization can become an effective tool for modernizing Russian public administration. The introduction of a value-oriented mechanism for the formation of civil servants’ digital competencies will overcome excessive bureaucratization and ensure the transition to a modern model of digital public administration in Russia. The feasibility of developing a separate federal project “Formation of Digital Competencies of Civil Servants” within the framework of the national project “Data Economy and Digital Transformation of the State” is substantiated.

Purpose: to identify opportunities and constraints for the development of trade among EAEU member states.

Methods: based on export and import data for an extended group of EAEU countries and affiliated partners, trade intensity indices, a modified Herfindahl–Hirschman index, integration potential indices were calculated, and structural trade networks were constructed. A multilateral analysis of EAEU trade prospects under potential enlargement scenarios was conducted.

Results: the study assesses the stability of intra-EAEU trade relations over the period 1995–2024, covering trade interactions among 13 countries with the most intensive ties. Key features of trade relations within the EAEU and with potential integration partners are identified. The results reveal uneven and asymmetric export–import structures within the EAEU. Russia and Kazakhstan remain oriented toward European markets, while Armenia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan are more closely linked to Asian markets. Risks and integration potential associated with new participants are identified.

Conclusions and Relevance: trade dynamics indicate deepening integration within the EAEU, accompanied by both risks and opportunities. There is strong volatility of Kazakhstan's trade participation, the risk of dependence remains high for Belarus. Key challenges include Russia’s limited involvement in intra-union trade and the similarity of export structures between Russia and Kazakhstan. Expansion toward Iran, Uzbekistan, India and Egypt could mitigate these constraints and enhance integration resilience. The conclusions made it possible to formulate recommendations for forming the EAEU development strategy.

Purpose: to formulate proposals for the stable development of the crowdinvesting segment in the conditions of the current market challenges.

Methods: the research is based on the processing and analysis of data on deals conducted using crowdinvesting in 2022 – the first half of 2025. Systematization, classification and statistics methods were used to form the database. The methods of direct and indirect analysis were used to analyse the investors’ structure. The method of content analysis and comparison is applied to foreign scientific researches. To identify the market development prospects the analysis perimeter involves the regulatory environment, strategic financial market development documents, as well as modelling analysis of crowdinvesting platform and financial infrastructure interaction.

Results: the database of investors in crowdinvesting was investigated, which served as the basis for the analysis of market participants in quantitative and qualitative aspects. The author's typologization of business models of crowdinvesting platforms and classification of transactions is proposed, which can become a part of the methodological basis for the formation of a risk management system for this financial instrument. The risks inherent in the involvement of retail investors in venture financing are indicated. A conceptual fork in the financial market development strategy is outlined in the format of minority investors’ participation in the equity of joint-stock companies.

Conclusions and Relevance: recommendations for reducing risks and overcoming the limitations of the long-term development of the crowdinvesting tool were given. A comprehensive approach is proposed, which includes improving financial and investment literacy; increasing the share of institutional investors, taking into account the specifics of the early stages of the company's development, market segmentation depending on the type of transaction and characteristics of the company; risk distribution among market participants, taking into account the risk of transactions; improving the trust of all market participants by increasing information openness.