DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN THE ARCTIC REGION FORMATION OF A NEW INSTITUTIONAL SPACE

Retracted article

In this article we presented and disclosed some abstracts related to the problems of development of the Arctic and subarctic areas, which according to various expert estimates contain from 15 to 25% of the world reserves of primary energy resources, as well as the study examines the current situation and prospects of the Russian Federation the process of development of the Arctic territories.

The purpose of this article is to study Russia's priorities at the national and regional levels related to the extraction of minerals that can be used to enhance the competitiveness of Russia on the world level and to ensure national energy security. Also, a study of this article is aimed at addressing issues related to the development of recommendations for the development of the global system of economic and energy security in the context of exploitation of prospective deposits in the Arctic region.

Methodology. The methodological basis of this article are comparative and economic-statistical methods of analysis.

Results: In this article were subsequently solved the problem, to achieve this goal, in particular: examined the general trends of energy development of civilization, considered the legal issues concerning the status of the Arctic and the Arctic regions, the basic global trends of world energy development and justifi ed system for ensuring global energy security.

Conclusions. There were obtained the following basic conclusions: First, the Arctic and the Arctic area are world heritage, so the development of deposits on them should be in the interest of the world community on a non-discriminatory basis; secondly, energy future civilization will be based on the harmonious combination of traditional and renewable energy sources, which determines the need to rationalize the consumption of energy resources in the present; Third, environmental issues prospects of development of the Arctic and subarctic areas suffi ciently sharp and discussion, therefore, should be used in aggressive technology of extraction of primary energy resources of the Arctic fi elds. It was found that the
improvement of conditions for the dissemination and implementation of technological innovation in reducing or optimizing the geopolitical, military, economic, environmental, cultural risks in the Arctic region involve: support for research centers, producing technological innovations in the fi eld of exploration and development of the Arctic shelf, and broadcasting their respective corporations; the development of infrastructure to reduce the institutional, economic and technological backwardness of the State leaders and to achieve the highest standards of safety and performance standards.

1. Болсуновская Л.М., Болсуновская Ю.А. Влияние рисков на инвестиционный потенциал арктического континентального шельфа Российской Федерации // Известия Томского политехнического университета. 2012. Т. 321. №6. С. 44–47.

2. Дудин М.Н., Лясников Н.В., Секерин Д.В., Горохова А.Е. Энергосбережение и повышение энергетической эффективности как одно из приоритетных направлений в модернизации российской экономики // Экономика и предпринимательство, 2014. № 12. С. 42–48.

3. Keohane R. International Institutions: Two Approaches // International Studies Quarterly 1998. № 32, Р. 379–396.

4. Smith L.C. The New North – the World in 2050. Profile Books, 2010, 2012. 322 p.

5. Meadows Dennis L. Alternatives to growth-I: a search for sustainable futures: papers adapted. NY, 1977.

6. Yergin D. Ensuring Energy Security // The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. Free Press, 2008. 928 р.

7. Татаркин А.И. Методологическая оценка состояния и перспектив институционально-инновационного недропользования в арктической зоне // Экономика региона. 2014. № 3. С. 146–158.

8. Goldthau A., Witte J. M. Global Energy Governance: The New Rules of the Game. Brookings Institution, 2009.

9. Будущее атомной энергетики // Междисциплинарное исследование Массачусетского технологического института, 2009. 132 с.

10. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. The Endless Transition: A «Triple Helix» of University – Industry – Government Relations, Introduction to a Theme Issue. Minerva. 1998. № 36, Р. 203–208.

11. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and 'Mode 2' to a Triple Helix of University – Industry – Government Relations // Research Policy, 2000. №29 (2), 109–123.

12. Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., Terra, B. R.C. The future of the university and the University of the Future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research Policy, 2000. № 29 (2), 313–330.

13. Auty R. Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis. L.: Routledge, 1993

14. Rejder J. Regulation of monetary streams in developing firms // Management Hand Book. Vol. II., 2000. P. 13–24.

15. Турчин А., Батин М. Футурология. XXI век: бессмертие или глобальная катастрофа. М.: Бином, 2012. 300 с.

16. Michael P. Croissant, Bulent Aras. Oil and Geopolitics in Caspian Sea Region. Washington: Library of Congress USA. 1999. 348 р.

17. Moran D., Russell J. Energy Security and Global Politics. The militarization of resource management. Routledge, 2009. 219 р.

18. Воропай Н.И., Сендеров С.М. Энергетическая безопасность: сущность, основные проблемы, методы результаты исследований // Открытый семинар «Экономические проблемы энергетического комплекса» (29.03.2011). М.: ИНП РАН, 2011. С. 10.

19. Goldthau A., Witte J. M. Global Energy Governance: The New Rules of the Game. Brookings Institution, 2009.

20. Yergin D. The Fundamentals of Energy Security, Testimony. Hearing on «Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Oil Dependence», Committee on Foreign Affairs US House of Representatives, March 22, 2007.

21. Прогноз развития энергетики России и мира до 2040 года // Институт энергетических исследований РАН, Аналитический центр при Правительстве РФ. М., 2013. 75 с.

22. Nonaka I., Takeuchi H. The knowledge – creating company. NY-Oxford: Oxford University press. 1995. 500 р.

23. Winzer C. Conceptualizing Energy Security // University of Cambridge. Electricity Policy Research Group. 2011. July.

24. Hanson R. Catastrophe, Social Collapse, and Human Extinction // Global catastrophic risks. 2007. P. 45–69.

25. World Energy Outlook // International Energy Agency [электронный ресурс] режим доступа http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/ свободный

26. Farrell D. India Outsmarts China Alliance // Foreign Policy. 2006. № 152. Р. 30–31.

27. Lee M.P. A review of the theories of corporate social responsibility: its evolutionary path and the road ahead // International Journal of Management Reviews. 2008. №10, P. 53–73.

28. UN Convention on the Law of Sea // The official website of the United Nations [электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_r.pdf свободный

29. Мазур И.И. Арктика – точка бифуркации в развитии глобального мира // Век глобализации. 2010. № 2 (6). С. 93–104.

30. Жизнин С.З. Энергетическая дипломатия России: экономика, политика, практика // Союз нефте-газо-промышленников России; Центр энергетической дипломатии и геополитики. М.: ИСТ Брук, 2005. 638 с.

31. Future of the Arctic-A New Dawn for Exploration // Wood Mackenzie [электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: http://www.woodmacresearch.com/ свободный

32. Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle (CARA) // U.S. Geological Survey [электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: http://energy.usgs.gov/RegionalStudies/Arctic.aspx свободный

33. Энергетика и кризис: больше или меньше безопасности? // Вестник NATO [электронный ресурс] режим доступа http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2009/FinancialCrisis/Energy-Security-Cooperation/RU/index.htm свободный

34. Guiding Principles for Reform of Environmental Enforcement Authorities in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia // CCNM/ENv/EAP. 2003. № 6. Р. 45.

35. Henry Kissinger: «If You Can’t Hear the Drums of War You Must Be Deaf» (Global Research, February 15, 2013) // Global Research Centre for Research on Globalization [electronic resource] http://www.globalresearch.ca/ accurate-satire-henry-kissinger free access mode

36. Котомин А.Б. Сланцевая революция и перспективы развития российской газовой отрасли // Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка. 2014. Т.1. № 38. С. 88a-94.