Formation of human capital in the real economy sector: ecosystem approach

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to substantiate the ecosystem approach to managing the interaction of an enterprise with educational and other organizations to provide it with the necessary human capital.

Methods: this article is based on an ecosystem approach. A resource approach was used to substantiate the advantages of the professional and educational ecosystem. The method of situational analysis is used. The questionnaire method made it possible to evaluate the results of the ecosystem of a particular enterprise based on the expert`s opinion. The assessment of the structural model of management of the professional and educational ecosystem was carried out using correlation analysis.

Results: the possibilities of an ecosystem approach to the formation of new organizational forms of interaction between subjects of the real sector of the economy and the education system in a dynamically changing external environment are shown. The content of the vocational education ecosystem is revealed as a kind of socio-economic, the key features of which are the specific composition of subjects and a special goal (creation of joint value) – reproduction of the enterprise human capital. The key objects of management of the vocational education ecosystem are highlighted: resources, processes, results and interaction of participants. An algorithm for evaluating the management system of the vocational education ecosystem of the enterprise is presented. The experience of the vocational education ecosystem of a knowledge-intensive enterprise is analyzed and practical recommendations for its development are given.

Conclusions and Relevance: the approach to the management of the vocational education ecosystem through the analysis of key objects considered in the article has practical significance and allows us to give concrete practical recommendations for its improvement. Based on the results of the analysis of the objects of management of the vocational education ecosystem of the machine-building enterprise, the need to strengthen the relationship of enterprises with educational organizations that form the basis of human capital has been established. The key advantage of the vocational education ecosystem of the enterprise is the unhindered accessibility for employees of the enterprise in advanced training, the implementation of the principle of lifelong learning.

1. Markova В., Kuznetsova С. Ecosystems as a Modern Tool for Business Growth. ECO . 2021; 51(8(566)):151– 168. EDN: IFBVRE. https://doi.org/10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2021-8-151-168 (In Russ.)

2. Kobylko A. Management Functions in Business Ecosystems. ECO . 2021; 51(8(566)):127–150. EDN: RECUGU. https://doi.org/10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2021-8-127-150 (In Russ.)

3. Gomes L.A.V., Flechas X.A., Facin A.L.F., Borin F.M. Ecosystem management: Past achievements and future promises. T e c h n olo gic al F o r e c a s tin g a n d S o cial C h a n g e . 2021; (171):120950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120950 (In Eng.)

4. Antonenko N.A., Asaeva T.A., Tikhonova O.V., Grechushkina N.V. Customized Approach to the Implementation of Educational Programs for Training Engineers. Higher Education in Russia . 2020; 29(5):144–156. EDN: UBKJJI. https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-5-144-156 (In Russ.)

5. Chesbrough H.W. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard, Harvard Business School Press, 2003. 227 p. (In Eng.)

6. Moore J.F. Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review . 1993; 71(3):75–86. EDN: BOKNEH (In Eng.)

7. Adner R., Kapoor R. Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strategic Management Journal . 2010; 31(3):306–333. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.821 (In Eng.)

8. Smorodinskaya N.V. Network Innovation Ecosystems and their Role in Dynamisation of Economic Growth. Innovations . 2014; 7(189):27–33. EDN: TLPFYP (In Russ.)

9. Kleiner G.B. Socio-economic ecosystems in the light of the System Paradigm. In: System Analysis in Economics – 2018. Proceedings of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference-Biennale / ed. G.B. Kleiner, S.E. Shchepetova. Moscow: Prometheus, 2018. Р. 4–14. EDN: RLWNNS. https://doi.org/10.33278/SAE-2018.rus.005-014 (In Russ.)

10. Adner R. Ecosystem as structure: An actionable construct for strategy. Journal of Management . 2016; 43(1):39–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451 (In Eng.)

11. Ramenskaya L.A. The concept of ecosystem in economic and management studies. The Manager . 2020; 11(4):16–28. EDN: BQQBJU. https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-2 (In Russ.)

12. Iansiti M., Levien R. The Keystone Advantage: What the new dynamics of business ecosystems mean for strategy, innovation, and sustainability. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-5360 (In Eng.)

13. Brusoni S., Prencipe A. The organization of innovation in ecosystems: Problem framing, problem solving, and patterns of coupling. Advances in Strategic Management . 2013; 30:167–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-3322(2013)0000030009 (In Eng.)

14. Spigel B., Harrison R. Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. 2018; 12(1):151–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1268 (In Eng.)

15. Ceccagnoli M., Forman C., Huang P., Wu D.J. Co-creation of value in a platform ecosystem: The case of enterprise software. MIS Quarterly . 2012; 36(1):263–290. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410417 (In Eng.)

16. Thomas L.D., Autio E. Innovation ecosystems in management: an organizing typology. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.203 (In Eng.)

17. Ganco M., Kapoor R., Lee G.K. From rugged landscapes to rugged ecosystems: structure of interdependencies and firms’ innovative search. Academy of Management Review . 2020; 45(3):646–674. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2017.0549 (In Eng.)

18. Kleiner G.B. Ecosystem economy: step into the future. Economic Revival of Russia. 2019; 1(59):40–45. EDN: YYIULJ (In Russ.)

19. Sazanova S.L. Socio-economic ecosystems and values of economic activities. Entrepreneur’s Guide. 2019; (43):137–148. EDN: BOFLAN (In Russ.)

20. Kleyner G.B. Socio-economic ecosystems in the context of dual spatio-temporal analysis. Economics and management: problems, solutions. 2018; 5(5):5–13. EDN: XTTHJB (In Russ.)

21. Simachev Yu.V., Kuzyk M.G., Fedyunina A.A., Yurevich M.A. Labor productivity in Russian companies: How to foster sustainable growth. Journal of the New Economic Association . 2020; 4(48):205–217. EDN: NGFKZO. DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2020-48-4-10 (In Russ.)

22. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Promising practices for strengthening the regional STEM workforce development ecosystem. Wash., DC: The National Academies press, 2016. 122 p. https://doi.org/10.17226/21894. Available from: https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21894/promising-practices-for-strengthening-the-regional-stem-workforce-development-ecosystem (accessed 3 May 2022) (In Eng.)

23. Nikulina Yu.N., Grishin K.E. The impact of the personnel partnership ecosystem on the innovative development of the region. Russian Journal of Innovation Economics . 2022; 12(1):551–570. EDN: ORSMZH. https://doi.org/10.18334/vinec.12.1.114263 (In Russ.)

24. Pyastolov S.M. Ecosystems of training scientific professional personnel. Social and humanitarian sciences. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 8: Science Studies. Abstract journal . 2020; (1):151–164. EDN: GFXTRR (In Russ.)

25. Jarvi K., Almpanopoulou A., Ritala P. Organization of knowledge ecosystem: Prefigurative and partial forms. Research Policy . 2018; 47(8):1523–1537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.05.007 (In Eng.)

26. Barney J.B. Firms Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. J o u r n al o f M a n a g e m e n t . 1991; 17(1):99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108 (In Eng.)

27. Barney J.B., Wright M., Ketchen D.J. The Future of Resource-Based Theory: Revitalization or Decline? Journal of Management . 201; 37(5):1299–1315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310391805 (In Eng.)

28. Wernerfelt B. A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal . 1984; 5(2):171–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207 (In Eng.)

29. Grant R.M. Toward a knowledge-based view of the firm. Strategy Management Journal. 1996; 17(S2):109– 122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110 (In Eng.)

30. Kogut B., Zander U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science . 1992; 3(3):383–397. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.3.3.383 (In Eng.)

31. Jacobides M.G., Cennamo C., Gawer A. Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strategic Management Journal. 2018; 39(8):2255–2276. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2904 (In Eng.)

32. Teece D.J. Business Ecosystem. In: M. Augier, D.J. Teece (Eds.). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. P. 152–154. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_7241 (In Eng.)

33. Eisenhardt K.M., Martin J.A. Dynamic capabilities: what are they? Strategic Management Journal. 2000; 21(10-11):1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID-SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E (In Eng.)

34. Yin R.K. Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003. 181 p. (In Eng.)

35. Schenk M., Trojahn S., Glistau E. Global challenges for production and distribution facilities. Advanced Logistic Systems . 2011; 5(1):129–134. URL: https://ideas.repec.org/a/pcz/alspcz/v5y2011i1p129-134.html (In Eng.)

36. Chien C.-F., Hong T.-Y., Guo H.-Z. A Conceptual Framework for «Industry 3.5» to Empower Intelligent Manufacturing and Case Studies. Procedia Manufacturing . 2017; 11:2009–2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.352 (In Eng.)

37. Weske M. Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages, Architectures. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. 404 p. (In Eng.)

38. Drucker P.F. The Practice of Management. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954. 416 p. (In Eng.)

39. Gueler M.S., Schneider S. The resource-based view in business ecosystems: A perspective on the determinants of a valuable resource and capability. Journal of Business Research . 2021; 133:158–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.061 (In Eng.)

40. Roundy P.T., Burke-Smalley L. Leveraging entrepreneurial ecosystems as human resource systems: A theory of meta-organizational human resource management. Human Resource Management Review. 2021; 100863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100863 (In Eng.)

41. Kleiner G.B. Humanistic Management, Social Management and System Management – The Way to the Management of the 21st Century. Russian Management Journal . 2018; 16(2):231–252. EDN: XTCGTB. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2018.204 (In Russ.)

42. Teece D.J., Pisano G., Shuen A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic M a n a g e m e n t J o u r n al. 1997; 18(7):509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AIDSMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z (In Eng.)

43. Menga D., Lia X., Rong K. Industry-to-university knowledge transfer in ecosystem-based academic entrepreneurship: Case study of automotive dynamics & control group in Tsinghua University. Technological Forecasting & Social Change . 2019; 141: 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.005 (In Eng.)

44. Baba Y., Shichijo N., Sedita S.R. How do collaborations with universities affect firms' innovative performance? The role of “Pasteur scientists” in the advanced materials field. Research Policy. 2009; 38(5): 756–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.01.006 (In Eng.)

45. Becker G.S. Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. New York: Colombia University Press, 1964. 187 р. (In Eng.)

46. Becker G.S. Nobel Lecture: The Economic Way of Looking at Behavior. Journal of Political Economy. 1993; 101(3):385–409. https://doi.org/10.1086/261880 (In Eng.)

47. Balatsky E.V. Institutional reforms and human capital. Journal of the New Economic Associatio n. 2021; 3(51):103–124. EDN: ZEKMFW. https://doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2021-51-3-5 (In Russ.)

48. Likert R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, № 140. New York, 1932. 52 р. (In Eng.)

49. Cronbach L.J. Coefficient Alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika . 1951; 16:297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555 (In Eng.)

50. Nunnally J.C. Psychometric Theory. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978. 701 p. (In Eng.)