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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mir</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">МИР (Модернизация. Инновации. Развитие)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-4665</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-796X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>School of Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18184/2079-4665.2017.8.4.762-771</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mir-798</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ДИЛЕММЫ РАЗВИТИЯ «УМНЫХ СЕТЕЙ»: ИЛЛЮЗИИ, РЕАЛИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ECONOMIC DILLEMMAS OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT: ILLUSIONS, REALITIES AND PROSPECTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилин Иван Владимирович, заведующий сектором инновационной политики, кандидат политических наук. </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Danilin, Head of Innovation Policy Section, Candidate of Political Science. </p><p> </p><p>23, Profsoyuznaya street, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilin.iv@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е. М. Примакова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4(s)</issue><issue-title>Тематический выпуск</issue-title><fpage>762</fpage><lpage>771</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Данилин И.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Данилин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Danilin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/798">https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/798</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Целью настоящей работы является систематизация данных об экономических эффектах «умных сетей», классификация данных эффектов, определение вызовов, связанных с их реализацией, подходов и условий, при которых «умные сети» смогут обеспечить максимальную отдачу для коммерческих субъектов, экономики и общества.</p><p>Методология проведения работы: Работа основана на анализе научных и аналитических материалов, посвященных проблеме исследования, в том числе подготовленных на основе опросов отраслевых субъектов, а также систематических материалов по реализованным пилотным и промышленным проектам в сфере «умных сетей».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты работы</title><p>Результаты работы: В работе рассмотрены две группы экономических эффектов «умных сетей» – оптимизационные (связанные со снижением существующих операционных и инвестиционных затрат отраслевых компаний) и инновационные (связанные с реализацией перспективного функционала «умных сетей»). Показано, что несмотря на наличие положительных экономических результатов, оптимизационные эффекты «умных сетей» частично переоцениваются, частично имеют временный характер (из-за достижения предельных значений экономии затрат и инвестиционных ресурсов, перенесения выгод на потребителей и пр.). Инновационные эффекты на данный момент сложно оценить в силу преимущественно пилотного характера реализующихся проектов, недостижения «умными сетями» необходимого масштаба рынка (для реализации сетевых эффектов в соответствии с Законом Меткалфа) и иных факторов. Акцентируется противоречие между заявленными инновационными эффектами и существующей архитектурой рынка, отраслевым регулированием (особенно тарифообразованием) и иными системными факторами – что служит естественным барьером на пути реализации инновационных эффектов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: the purpose of this work is to systematize data on the economic effects of Smart Grids, classify these effects, identify the challenges associated with their implementation, elaborate approaches and conditions under which Smart Grids can maximize returns for business entities, the economy and society.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the work is based on the analysis of scientific and analytical materials devoted to the research problem, including those prepared on the basis of surveys of industry actors, as well as systematic materials on implemented pilot and industrial projects in the field of Smart Grids.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: two groups of economic effects of Smart Grids are considered: optimization ones (related to the operating and investment costs reductions of industry actors) and innovative (related to the implementation of the prospective functionality of Smart Grids). It is shown that, despite the presence of positive economic results, the optimization effects of Smart Grids are partly overestimated, partly have temporary nature (due to natural limits for long-term costs savings and economy of investment resources, transfer of the resulting benefits to consumers and other reasons). Innovative effects are still difficult to assess due to the predominantly pilot nature of the Smart Grids projects, inadequate level of market penetration (considering network effects in accordance with the Metcalfe Law) and other factors. The contradiction between the declared innovative effects and the existing architecture of the market, industry regulations (especially tariff formation) and other systemic factors is accented – this serves as a natural barrier to the implementation of innovative effects.</p><p>Conclusions and relevance: narratives describing the development of Smart Grids can be considered a metaphor for the representations of subjects about the «ideal» energy system of the future, so it is senseless to expect Smart Grid technology to solve all possible problems of the industry and energy systems. But the demand for an innovative transformation of the power sector and for innovative effects remains significant. This assumes (with enhanced support for development of new technologies) an emphasis on the economic dimension of industrial innovation processes. New approaches are needed – defining agents of change, solutions for rising investments, changing the role of the state, etc. Three approaches are proposed in the paper that can support implementation of innovative effects: evolutionary (emphasis on smooth changes in industry regulation for accommodation to new conditions and goals), return to the «traditional» model of development of basic infrastructures and emerging technologies (government as a key player and investor), and revolutionary scenario (shifting focus to consumers and new actors, forming innovative Smart Grid clusters within the existing energy system and markets). The limitations of these approaches are assessed, it is noted that in reality, their overlapping or consistent application will be observed. It is noted that the main challenge will be cultural changes and the formation of transit institutions for the industry.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«умные сети»</kwd><kwd>энергетика</kwd><kwd>прорывные технологии</kwd><kwd>долгосрочные экономические эффекты</kwd><kwd>развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Smart Grids</kwd><kwd>energy</kwd><kwd>emerging technologies</kwd><kwd>long-term economic effects</kwd><kwd>development</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Президиум РАН (проект №0170-2015-0016)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (No. 0170-2015-0016)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burr M.T. Reliability demands will drive automation investments. Fortnightly Magazine. 2003; 1. 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