mirМИР (Модернизация. Инновации. Развитие)MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research)2079-46652411-796XSchool of Public Administration10.18184/2079-4665.2025.16.4.748-761mir-2073Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕRESEARCHРазвитие биоэкономики в контексте обеспечения технологического суверенитета: опыт французского нормативного регулированияDevelopment of the bioeconomy in the context of securing technological sovereignty: The experience of French regulationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-7530КолобовР. Ю.KolobovR. Yu.

Колобов Роман Юрьевич, юридических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник; Лаборатория правовых проблем высокотехнологичных отраслей 

ResearcherID: H-4644-2016, Scopus Author ID: 57210558887 

Иркутск 

Roman Yu. Kolobov, Candidate of Legal Sciences; Associate Professor, Leading Researcher; Laboratory of Legal Problems of High-Tech Industries 

ResearcherID: H-4644-2016, Scopus Author ID: 57210558887 

Irkutsk 

roman.kolobov@gmail.comИркутский институт химии им. А. Е. Фаворского Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202503122025164748761Copyright © Колобов Р.Ю., 20252025Колобов Р.Ю.Kolobov R.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/2073

Цель: Выявление общих закономерностей нормативного закрепления биоэкономических подходов хозяйствования во Франции.Методы. В исследовании используется группа исторических методов, с помощью которых выявляются закономерности развития регулирования основ использования биоэкономических подходов во Франции. Активно используются общенаучные методы, прежде всего, системный анализ, позволяющий представлять общественные явления и их части в качестве систем и их элементов. Междисциплинарный характер исследования обусловливает применение методов формально-логического толкования права и сравнительно-правового метода исследования.Результаты работы. Показывается эволюция представлений о биоэкономике в науке и их связь с концепцией экономики замкнутого цикла. Исследуются основные направления европейской политики в рассматриваемой области производственных отношений, а затем – французское законодательство и документы стратегического планирования развития сектора биоэкономики. Выявляется важная роль агропромышленных кластеров в эффективном использовании биоресурсов, а также отношений промышленного симбиоза. Указанные вопросы рассматриваются на примере французского кластера «Bioeconomy for change», анализируются особенности сложившихся между его участниками отношений по рациональному использованию природных ресурсов и отходов производства. Меры государственной поддержки развития биоэкономических проектов рассматриваются на примере формирующейся отрасли биогаза. В числе мер такого рода выделяется установление закупочного тарифа на биометан, поступающего в газораспределительную сеть, выдача гарантий происхождения, а также сертификатов производства биогаза.Выводы. Формулируется вывод о наличии трех ключевых элементов, определяющих развитие биоэкономики во Франции. К ним относится развернутая система нормативно-технического регулирования, промышленные кластеры и государственная адресная поддержка, выражающаяся, в частности, в закреплении обязанностей по закупке биогаза, введении механизмов гарантий происхождения и сертификатов производства.

Purpose: to identify common patterns in the regulatory framework for bioeconomic approaches of business activities in France.Methods: the study uses a set of historical methods to identify patterns in the development of regulations governing the use of bioeconomic approaches in France. General scientific methods are actively used, primarily systematic analysis, which allows social phenomena and their parts to be represented as systems and their elements. The interdisciplinary nature of the study determines the use of methods of formallogical interpretation of law and comparative legal research methods.Results: the evolution of ideas about bioeconomics in science and their connection with the concept of a closed-loop economy is shown. The main directions of European policy in the field of production relations under consideration are studied, followed by French legislation and strategic planning documents for the development of the bioeconomy sector. The important role of agro-industrial clusters in the efficient use of biological resources as well as industrial symbiosis relations is revealed. These issues are considered using the example of the French cluster “Bioeconomy for change”, and the characteristics of the relations that have developed between its participants regarding the rational use of natural resources and production waste are analyzed. Measures of state support for the development of bioeconomic projects are considered using the example of the emerging biogas industry. Among such measures, the establishment of a purchase tariff for biomethane supplied to the gas distribution network, the issuance of guarantees of origin, and biogas production certificates are highlighted.Conclusions and Relevance: the conclusion is reached that there are three key elements determining the development of the bioeconomy in France. These include a comprehensive system of regulatory and technical regulation, industrial clusters, and targeted government support, expressed, in particular, in the establishment of obligations to purchase biogas, the introduction of mechanisms for guarantees of origin, and production certificates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.