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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mir</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">МИР (Модернизация. Инновации. Развитие)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-4665</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-796X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>School of Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18184/2079-4665.2025.16.1.167-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mir-1831</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВИТИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регулирование прямых иностранных инвестиций для укрепления технологического суверенитета в Европейском союзе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulating foreign direct investment to achieve technological sovereignty in the European Union</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-2243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Анна Алексеевна, младший научный сотрудник сектора внешнеэкономической политики Отдела глобальных экономических проблем и внешнеэкономической политики</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Makarova, Junior Research Fellow, Section for the Foreign Economic Policy, Department of Global Economic Problems and Foreign Economic Policy</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.makarova@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е.М. Примакова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макарова А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макарова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/1831">https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/1831</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – оценить подход Европейского союза к укреплению технологического суверенитета с помощью инструментов регулирования политики в области прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ).</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследовании были задействованы общенаучные методы, включая анализ, синтез и сравнение. Для систематизации представления результатов использованы таблицы. В визуализации измерений применен графический метод.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты работы</title><p>Результаты работы. На основе анализа экономических, политических и организационных факторов, препятствующих обеспечению технологического суверенитета, выявлены проблемы регулирования общей политики Европейского союза в области прямых иностранных инвестиций. Проведена оценка инструментов. Показаны слабые стороны подхода ЕС к регулированию прямых инвестиций для укрепления Союзом технологического суверенитета.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Проведенное исследование показало, что текущий подход ЕС к политике в области ПИИ и применяемые в его рамках инструменты оказывают недостаточное влияние на укрепление европейского технологического суверенитета. Для повышения эффективности в привлечении и распределении финансирования стратегически значимых проектов ЕС сосредоточен на продвижении рамочных программ. Тем не менее, ключевым барьером здесь выступает ограниченность общего бюджета. В политической повестке действия ЕС направлены на диверсификацию партнеров, но их круг ограничен соображениями национальной безопасности, что вряд ли будет способствовать фактической диверсификации. Вероятно, европейский контроль за слияниями и поглощениями сведет этот вид инвестиций к минимуму, однако строительство промышленных предприятий, инфраструктурных объектов и прочих ПИИ, способствующих как фактическому развитию принимающей страны, так и несущих выгоды инвестору, в целом приветствуется. Учитывая новые условия для ПИИ, ожидать большого количества входящих потоков инвестиций в ЕС не следует, но их польза для укрепления технологического суверенитета будет выше.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: is to assess the European Union's approach to strengthening technological sovereignty through the instruments of regulation of foreign direct investment (FDI) policy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the study involved general scientific methods, including analysis, synthesis and comparison. Tables were used to systematize the presentation of the results. A graphical method was used to visualize the measurements.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: based on the analysis of economic, political and organizational factors that hinder ensuring technological sovereignty, the problems of regulating the general policy of the European Union in the field of foreign direct investment are identified. An assessment of the instruments is carried out. The weaknesses of the EU approach to regulating direct investment are shown to strengthen the Union's technological sovereignty.</p><p>Conclusions and Relevance: the study found that the current EU approach to FDI policy and the instruments used within it have insufficient impact on strengthening European technological sovereignty. To be more effective in attracting and distributing funding for strategically important projects, the EU focuses on promoting framework programs. However, the key barrier here is the limited overall budget. The political agenda of the EU aims to diversify partners, but their range is limited by national security considerations, which is unlikely to contribute to actual diversification. European control over mergers and acquisitions will probably reduce this type of investment to a minimum, but the construction of industrial enterprises, infrastructure facilities and other FDI that contribute to both the actual development of the host country and bring benefits to the investor are generally welcomed. Given the new conditions for FDI, one should not expect a large number of incoming investment flows to the EU, but their benefit for strengthening technological sovereignty will be greater.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>технологический суверенитет</kwd><kwd>ПИИ</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>экономическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>механизм скрининга ПИИ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>technological sovereignty</kwd><kwd>FDI</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>economic security</kwd><kwd>FDI screening mechanism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидорова Е.А., Сидоров А.А. Стратегическая автономия Европейского Союза в экономике. Концепция и проблемы реализации // Международные процессы. 2023. Т. 21. № 3(74). С. 119–142. 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