mirМИР (Модернизация. Инновации. Развитие)MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research)2079-46652411-796XSchool of Public Administration10.18184/2079-4665.2024.15.3.485-498mir-1729Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕRESEARCHИндексы инновационного развития национальных экономик: на пути к «идеальной» оценке инновационных процессов в странах мираInnovative development indices for the national economies: on the way to the “ideal” assessment of innovation processes in the countries of the worldhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-1998ДанилинИ. В.DanilinI.

Данилин Иван Владимирович, кандидат политических наук; начальник Отдела науки и инноваций

Researcher ID: Y-4689-2019, Scopus ID: 57203132024

Москва

Ivan V. Danilin, Candidate of Political Sciences, Head of the Department of Science and Innovation

Researcher ID: Y-4689-2019, Scopus ID: 57203132024 

Moscow

danilin.iv@imemo.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-4662КравцовА. А.KravtsovA. A.

Кравцов Александр Александрович, кандидат экономических наук; старший научный сотрудник

Researcher ID: C-4473-2018, Scopus ID: 57198500873

Москва

Alexandr A. Kravtsov, Candidate of Economic Sciences; Senior Research Fellow

Researcher ID: C-4473-2018, Scopus ID: 57198500873

Moscow

kravtsov@imemo.ruНациональный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова Российской академии наукРоссияPrimakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International relations of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202411102024153485498Copyright © Данилин И.В., Кравцов А.А., 20242024Данилин И.В., Кравцов А.А.Danilin I., Kravtsov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/1729Цель

Цель: выработка рекомендаций по построению новых индексов инновационного развития, предназначенных для межстрановых сопоставлений.

Методы

Методы. В статье использовались традиционные общенаучные методы научного исследования: описательный, сравнительный, системный, сравнительно-исторический. В рамках исследования использовались документы, описывающие методику расчета экономических индексов, а также научные публикации, освещающие историю, специфику и проблемы их практического применения.

Результаты работы

Результаты работы. Показано, что с 1930-х гг., когда составление экономических индексов вошло в сферу внимания экономической науки, индексы прошли путь развития от относительно простых статистических показателей до комплексных инструментов со сложной методикой расчета. На примере нескольких наиболее известных или примечательных индексов раскрыты основные методики, используемые к настоящему времени при оценке уровня инновационного развития. На базе проведенного исследования сформулированы основные требования к составлению индексов инновационного развития.

Выводы

Выводы. Установлено, что при составлении индексов инновационного развития для достижения максимальной объективности следует использовать максимально широкий набор значимых показателей, для отбора которых следует привлекать пул профильных специалистов. Последний также желательно задействовать при определении формулы индекса, в частности, веса каждого из показателей. Для обеспечения сопоставимости разноразмерных показателей следует использовать нормализацию, а статистические выбросы может быть целесообразным нейтрализовывать путем методик стандартизации. Кроме того, необходимо учитывать цели составления индекса. При этом на перспективу в инновационных индексах требуется учет: взаимосвязей между субъектами инновационных систем и различными инновационными системами, эффектов масштаба и, по возможности, отраслевой специализации стран и иной национальной специфики.

Purpose

Purpose: is to develop recommendations for the construction of new indices of innovative development designed for cross-country comparisons.

Methods

Methods: the conventional general scientific methods were used in the article, such as the ones of description, comparison, system analysis and historical comparison. The study was based on the documents describing calculation methods of the economic indices and scientific publications covering the history, specifics and problems of the practical application of those indices.

Results

Results: it is shown that since the 1930s, when the creation of economic indices drew attention of economic science, indices have evolved from the relatively simple statistical indicators to the complex tools with sophisticated calculation methods. Using several of the most famous or remarkable indices as an example, the principal methods currently used in assessing the level of innovative development are revealed. Basing on the conducted research, the major requirements for composing innovative development indices are stipulated.

Conclusions and Relevance: it has been found out that in order to achieve the maximum objectivity in compiling indices of innovative development, the widest possible range of significant indicators should be used and a pool of experts should be engaged in their selection. It is also advisable to engage the pool in compiling the index formula, in particular the indicators weights. Data normalization should be used to ensure comparability of incommensurable indicators, and statistical outliers are advised to be neutralized through standardization techniques. It is also necessary to take into account the goals of the index compiled. At the same time, in the future it is necessary to take into account relationships between the actors of national innovation systems and between different innovation systems, effects of scale and, when possible, sectoral specialization of countries and other national specifics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.