mirМИР (Модернизация. Инновации. Развитие)MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research)2079-46652411-796XSchool of Public Administration10.18184/2079-4665.2022.13.2.222-237mir-1251Research ArticleИННОВАЦИИINNOVATIONМеждународный опыт применения технологии блокчейн в системах регистрации и учета прав на земельные участкиInternational practice of the blockchain technology usage in recording and registration systems for land rightshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-9989НикитинА. В.NikitinA. V.

Никитин Андрей Владимирович - аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, Сектор экономики науки и инноваций, Отдел науки и инноваций.

117418, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 23

Andrey V. Nikitin - Applicant, Senior Research Assistant.

23, Profsoyuznaya st., Moscow, 117418

AnNikitin@imemo.ruНациональный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова, РАНРоссияPrimakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202225062022132222237Copyright © Никитин А.В., 20222022Никитин А.В.Nikitin A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mir-nayka.com/jour/article/view/1251

Цель данной статьи состоит в выявлении текущих и потенциальных возможностей использования технологии блокчейн в системах учета и регистрации прав собственности на земельные участки.Метод или методология проведения работы. В основу работы легли комплексный и системный анализ, сравнение международных практик по работе с технологией блокчейн, а также изучение и сопоставление существующих международных практик в рассматриваемой предметной области.Результаты работы. Системы, основанные на технологии блокчейн, могут быть применены в системах учета и регистрации прав на земельные участки, однако они должны быть адаптированы к существующей процедуре и учитывать законодательные требования. Поскольку институциональная инфраструктура необходима для гарантии прав на недвижимость, только использование закрытой частной или гибридной технологии блокчейн, администрируемой сотрудниками государственного учреждения и используемой легитимными участниками операций с недвижимостью (например, нотариусами и юристами по операциям с недвижимостью) с обеспечением надлежащей идентификации пользователей, может быть принято во внимание. Указанные тезисы подтверждаются практическими примерами по итогам проведенного анализа среди 12-ти стран: в государствах с высокой степенью цифровизации систем регистрации прав сохраняется и значительный уровень вовлеченности государственных органов, а система, основанная на принципах частного закрытого блокчейна, используется в качестве дополнительной технологии, поддерживающей существующие системы регистрации.Выводы. Технология блокчейн может быть использована в качестве инструмента, служащего для повышения эффективности существующих систем регистрации прав на земельные участки и повышения уровня безопасности проводимых сделок, делая их при этом прозрачными, неизменяемыми и восстанавливаемыми. Однако, учитывая специфику регистрации и передачи прав, особенностей законодательных и правовых норм, рекомендуется продолжить обсуждение оптимальных юридических и технических способов использования возможностей, предлагаемых технологией блокчейн, в соответствии с основными функциями систем учета и регистрации прав на земельные участки.

Purpose

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to study the current and potential opportunities for using blockchain technology in systems for recording and registering property rights to land.

Methods

Methods: the work was based on a comprehensive and system analysis, a comparison of international practices for working with blockchain technology, as well as the study and comparison of existing international practices in the subject area under consideration.

Results

Results: systems based on blockchain technology can be used in systems for recording and registering rights to land plots, however, they must be adapted to the existing procedure and consider legal requirements. Since an institutional infrastructure is needed to guarantee real estate rights, only the use of closed private or hybrid blockchain technology, administered by employees of a public institution and used by legitimate participants in real estate transactions (e.g., notaries and real estate lawyers) with the provision of proper user identification, can be accepted. into account. These theses are confirmed by practical examples based on the results of the analysis among 12 countries. In states with a high degree of digitalization of rights registration systems, a significant level of involvement of state bodies remains, and a system based on the principles of a private closed blockchain is used as an additional technology that supports existing registration systems.

Conclusions and Relevance: blockchain technology can be used as a tool to improve the efficiency of existing land registration systems and increase the security level of ongoing transactions. At the same time, transactions will be transparent, immutable and recoverable. However, taking into account the specifics of registration and transfer of rights, features of legislative and legal norms. It is recommended to continue the discussion of the optimal legal and technical ways to use the opportunities offered by blockchain technology, in accordance with the main functions of accounting and registration systems for land rights.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.